VectorBuilder offers many popular vector components that users can choose from when designing their vectors. The tables below provide detailed information on these popular components, which are listed separately by category.
Mammalian Ubiquitous Promoters
Name | Description | Application Notes | Length | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
CMV | Human cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer/promoter | Strong promoter; may have variable strength in some cell types. |
589 bp |
View |
CMV+intron | Human cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer/promoter fused with the splicing signal from the human beta-globin intron 2 | Strong promoter; may have variable strength in some cell types; presence of the beta-globin intron facilitates the nuclear export of mRNA by splicing and is predicted to enhance gene expression in eukaryotes. |
1242 bp |
View |
EF1A | Human eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 α1 promoter | Strong promoter. |
1179 bp |
View |
EFS | Human eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 α1 short form | Medium-strength promoter. |
232 bp |
View |
CAG | CMV early enhancer fused to modified chicken β-actin promoter | Strong promoter. |
1733 bp |
View |
CBh | CMV early enhancer fused to modified chicken β-actin promoter | Strong promoter. |
798 bp |
View |
CBA | CMV early enhancer fused to chicken β-actin promoter and SV40 intron | Strong promoter. |
850 bp |
View |
SFFV | Spleen focus-forming virus promoter | Strong promoter; drives high levels of gene expression, particularly in cell types of the myeloid lineage. |
500 bp |
View |
MSCV | Murine embryonic stem cell virus promoter including the enhancer and promoter region of PCMV virus and 5' untranslated region of dl-587rev retrovirus | Medium-strength promoter; drives gene expression in most murine or human ES cell lines and other mammalian cell lines. |
515 bp |
View |
MNDU3 | The U3 region from the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV) LTR with the negative control region (NCR) removed | Medium-strength promoter; drives retroviral vector gene expression in most murine or human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines, embryonic stem (ES) cell lines and other mammalian cell lines. |
548 bp |
View |
SV40 | Simian virus 40 enhancer/early promoter | Medium-strength promoter. |
344 bp |
View |
mPGK | Mouse phosphoglycerate kinase 1 promoter | Medium-strength promoter. |
511 bp |
View |
hPGK | Human phosphoglycerate kinase 1 promoter | Medium-strength promoter. |
505 bp |
View |
UBC | Human ubiquitin C promoter | Weak promoter. |
1178 bp |
View |
Note
:
- CAG and CBh promoters contain different versions of modified chicken β-actin promoter.
Mammalian Tissue-Specific Promoters
Name | Description | Tissue Specificity | Cell Type Specificity | Length | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nanog | Mouse nanog promoter | Embryonic inner cell mass | Pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cells |
1334 bp |
View |
Nes | Rat nestin intron 2 enhancer fused to mouse Hsp68 minimal promoter | Nervous system at embryonic stage | Neural stem/progenitor cells |
1566 bp |
View |
Tuba1a | Rat α1A tubulin promoter | Nervous systems at embryonic and early postnatal stages | Developing neurons but not astrocytes or oligodendrocytes |
1121 bp |
View |
Camk2a(long) | Mouse α-calcium-calmodulin dependent kinase II promoter (8 kb) | Forebrain | CA1 pyramidal cells of the hippocampus |
8023 bp |
View |
Camk2a(short) | Mouse α-calcium-calmodulin dependent kinase II promoter (1.3 kb) | Brain | Pyramidal neurons |
1337 bp |
View |
SYN1 | Human synapsin I promoter | Brain | Mature neurons |
469 bp |
View |
MIR218 | Human motor-neuron specific microRNA-218 promoter | Spinal cord | Motor neurons |
908 bp |
View |
Hb9 | Mouse Hb9 enhancer fused to mouse Hsp68 minimal promoter | Spinal cord | Motor neurons |
4003 bp |
View |
Th | Mouse tyrosine hydroxylase promoter | Brain | Dopaminergic neurons |
3015 bp |
View |
Thy1 | Mouse thymus cell antigen 1 promoter | Brain | Neurons |
2888 bp |
View |
NSE | Rat neuron-specific enolase promoter | Nervous system | Various neurons |
1807 bp |
View |
GFAP(long) | Human glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter (2.1 kb) | Brain | Astrocytes |
2178 bp |
View |
GFAP(short) | Human glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter (0.68 kb) | Brain | Astrocytes |
681 bp |
View |
Iba1 | Mouse ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 promoter | Brain | Microglia |
1889 bp |
View |
ProA1 | Mouse Gnat2 promoter | Retina | Cone photoreceptor |
2000 bp |
View |
ProA7 | Mouse Gnat2 promoter (0.5 kb) | Retina | Cone photoreceptor in non-human primate |
500 bp |
View |
hRHO | Human rhodopsin promoter | Retina | Rod photoreceptor |
839 bp |
View |
hBEST1 | Human bestrophin 1 promoter | Retina | RPE |
623 bp |
View |
Grm6 | A 200-bp enhancer of mGluR6 (mouse metabotropic glutamate receptor 6) fused to a basal SV40 promoter (0.4 kb) | Retina | ON-bipolar cells |
403 bp |
View |
Grm6(short) | A 200-bp enhancer of mGluR6 (mouse glutamate metabotropic receptor 6) fused to a 500-bp mGluR6 promoter (0.7 kb) | Retina | ON-bipolar cells |
700 bp |
View |
Grm6(long) | Intron 4, 3, and a 200-bp enhancer of mGluR6 (mouse glutamate metabotropic receptor 6) fused to a 500-bp mGluR6 promoter (2.2 kb) | Retina | ON-bipolar cells |
2197 bp |
View |
Prnp | Mouse prion protein promoter | Brain, hippocampus, cerebellum, retina | Various CNS neurons |
8365 bp |
View |
Cnp | Mouse 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase promoter | Nervous systems, testis and thymus | Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells |
3046 bp |
View |
K14 | Human keratin 14 promoter | Epidermis | Keratinocytes |
2268 bp |
View |
K19 | Mouse keratin 19 promoter | Epidermis | Keratinocytes |
2026 bp |
View |
BK5 | Bovine keratin 5 promoter | Epidermis | Keratinocytes |
5200 bp |
View |
mTyr | Mouse tyrosinase promoter and enhancer | Epidermis | Melanocytes and melanoma cells |
560 bp |
View |
cTnT | Chicken cardiac troponin T promoter | Heart | Cardiomyocytes |
413 bp |
View |
αMHC(long) | Mouse α-cardiac myosin heavy chain promoter (5.4 kb) | Heart | Cardiomyocytes |
5464 bp |
View |
αMHC(short) | Mouse α-cardiac myosin heavy chain promoter (2.8 kb) | Heart | Cardiomyocytes |
2833 bp |
View |
Myog | Mouse myogenin promoter | Muscle | Myoblasts |
1139 bp |
View |
ACTA1 | Human skeletal muscle actin α1 promoter | Muscle | Myocytes |
2162 bp |
View |
MHCK7 | Composed of enhancer/promoter regions of murine muscle creatine kinase (MCK) and enhancer region of α-myosin heavy-chain genes | Mouse skeletal and heart muscles | Differentiated postmitotic striated muscle cells |
771 bp |
View |
CK8e | Muscle-specific creatine kinase promoter with deletion of poorly conserved regions | Mouse skeletal and heart muscle | Differentiated postmitotic striated muscle cells |
450 bp |
View |
SPc5-12 | Synthetic promoter c5-12 containing a combination of muscle specific transcription factor binding sites SRE, MEF-1, MEF-2 and TEF-1 | Mouse skeletal, heart, and smooth muscle | Differentiated postmitotic striated muscle cells |
345 bp |
View |
SM22a | Mouse transgelin (a.k.a. Sm22a) promoter | Adult smooth muscle | Vascular smooth muscle cells |
2960 bp |
View |
EnSM22a | The chimeric vascular smooth muscle-specific enhancer/promoter (The rabbit myosin heavy-chain enhancer inserted upstream of a truncated mouse SM22a promoter) | Adult smooth muscle | Vascular smooth muscle cells |
594 bp |
View |
Runx2 | Mouse runt related transcription factor 2 promoter | Bone | Early osteoblasts |
2514 bp |
View |
OC | Human osteocalcin promoter | Bone and cartilage | Osteoblasts, osteocytes and hypertrophic chondrocytes |
2141 bp |
View |
Col1a1 | Rat collagen type I α1 promoter | Bone, tooth and tendon | Osteoblasts and fibroblasts |
3632 bp |
View |
Col2a1 | Mouse collagen type II α1 promoter | Cartilage | Chondrocytes |
1033 bp |
View |
aP2 | Rat adipocyte P2 promoter | Fat | Adipocytes |
3708 bp |
View |
Adipoq | Mouse adiponectin promoter | Fat | Adipocytes |
5411 bp |
View |
Tie1 | Mouse tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 1 promoter | Blood vessel | Endothelial cells |
1142 bp |
View |
Cd144 | Mouse cadherin 5 (a.k.a. VE-Cadherin) promoter | Blood vessels | Vascular endothelial cells |
2510 bp |
View |
CD68(short) | Human CD68 promoter, short, recommended for in vitro use | Blood | Monocytes and macrophages |
659 bp |
View |
CD68(long) | Human CD68 promoter, long, recommended for in vivo use | Blood | Monocytes and macrophages |
3079 bp |
View |
CD11b | Human integrin subunit alpha M promoter | Bone marrow | Mature myeloid cell lines (neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages) |
1795 bp |
View |
Afp | Mouse α-fetoprotein enhancer II fused with human beta globin promoter | Liver | Hepatocytes |
2810 bp |
View |
Alb | Mouse albumin promoter | Liver | Mature hepatocytes |
2336 bp |
View |
TBG | Human thyroxine-binding globulin promoter | Liver | Hepatocytes |
460 bp |
View |
TBG+intron | Human alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin enhancer and thyroxine-binding globulin hybrid promoter fused to a chimeric intron (SD site from a human β-globin intron and SA site from an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region intron) | Liver | Hepatocytes |
882 bp |
View |
MMTV | Mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat (LTR) | Mammary gland | Ductal cells of the salivary gland, mammary epithelial cells |
1315 bp |
View |
Wap | Mouse whey acidic protein promoter | Mammary gland | Alveolar epithelial cells of mammary tissue |
2444 bp |
View |
HIP | Human insulin promoter | Pancreas | β cells |
1867 bp |
View |
Pdx1 | Mouse pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 promoter | Embryonic developing pancreas and adult pancreatic islets | Pancreatic progenitor cells and pancreatic β cells |
2930 bp |
View |
Ins2 | Rat insulin 2 promoter | Pancreas | Pancreatic β cells |
705 bp |
View |
Hcn4 | Mouse hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated K+ 4 promoter | Embryonic heart | Cardiomyocytes |
2780 bp |
View |
NPHS2 | Human podocin promoter | Kidney | Podocytes |
2589 bp |
View |
SPB | Human surfactant protein B promoter | Lung | AT II cells (alveolar type II epithelial cells) and Clara cells (bronchiolar epithelial cells) |
635 bp |
View |
CD144 | Human cadherin 5 (a.k.a. VE-Cadherin) promoter | Lung, heart, ovary, spleen and kidney glomeruli | Vascular endothelial cells |
1559 bp |
View |
TERT | Human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter | Tumor | Immortalized and cancer cells |
455 bp |
View |
Survivin(short) | Human survivin gene promoter (269 bp) | Tumor | Cancer cells |
269 bp |
View |
Survivin(long) | Human survivin gene promoter (987 bp) | Tumor | Cancer cells |
987 bp |
View |
Mammalian Inducible Promoters
Name | Description | Application Notes | Length | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
TRE | Tetracycline-responsive element promoter (2nd generation) | Regulated by a class of transcription factors (e.g. tTA, rtTA and tTS) whose activities are dependent on tetracycline or its analogs (e.g. doxycycline). |
424 bp |
View |
TRE3G | Tetracycline-responsive element promoter (3rd generation) | Bound by transactivator Tet3G in the presence of tetracycline or its analogs (e.g. doxycycline). |
376 bp |
View |
5×HRE-miniCMV | Five copies of the hypoxia-responsive element of the human VEGF gene with the human cytomegalovirus minimal promoter. | Regulated by Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1) and is induced under hypoxic conditions. |
311 bp |
View |
Mammalian Minimal Promoters
Name | Description | Application Notes | Length | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hsp68 | Mouse heat-shock protein 68 minimal promoter | Strong core promoter; suitable for driving gene expression in vivo. |
873 bp |
View |
miniCMV | Human cytomegalovirus minimal promoter | Weak basal activity |
56 bp |
View |
minP | Synthetic minimal promoter composed of TATA box and transcription start site | Basal activity weaker than miniCMV |
31 bp |
View |
SCP1 | Super core promoter 1 minimal promoter, synthetic core promoter | Basal activity stronger than miniCMV but weaker than Hsp68 |
81 bp |
View |
Mammalian Pol III Promoters
Name | Description | Application Notes | Length | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
hU6 | Human U6 small nuclear 1 promoter | Pol III promoter; drives expression of small RNAs. |
249 bp |
View |
mU6 | Mouse U6 small nuclear 1 promoter | Pol III promoter; drives expression of small RNAs. |
315 bp |
View |
macU6 | Crab-eating macaque U6 small nuclear 1 promoter | Pol III promoter; drives expression of small RNAs. |
248 bp |
View |
7SK | Human 7SK small nuclear RNA promoter | Pol III promoter; drives expression of small RNAs. |
243 bp 243 bp |
Ver 1 Ver 2 |
Zebrafish Ubiquitous Promoters
Name | Description | Application Notes | Length | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
sCMV | Simian cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer/promoter | Strong promoter; can function in Xenopus, zebrafish, mouse and human. |
997 bp |
View |
bactin2 | Zebrafish cytoskeletal beta-actin promoter | Strong promoter. |
5307 bp |
View |
Ubi | Zebrafish ubiquitin (ubi) promoter | Ubiquitous and constitutive promoter. |
3483 bp |
View |
Zebrafish Tissue-Specific Promoters
Name | Description | Tissue Specificity | Cell Type Specificity | Length | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
cmlc2 | Cardiac myosin light chain 2 promoter | Heart | Cardiomyocytes |
899 bp |
View |
zK5 | Zebrafish Keratin 5 promoter | Tongue and fin | Squamous epidermis |
2302 bp |
View |
503unc | 503-bp promoter of zebrafish unc-45b | Muscle | Myoblasts |
503 bp |
View |
Zebrafish Inducible Promoters
Name | Description | Application Notes | Length | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
zHSP70 | Zebrafish heat-shock protein 70 promoter | Strong and heat-shock inducible promoter. |
1517 bp |
View |
5×UAS | Five tandem upstream activation sequence (UAS) followed by E1B minimal promoter | Activates gene transcription upon binding with GAL4 protein. |
167 bp |
View |
Drosophila Ubiquitous Promoters
Name | Description | Application Notes | Length | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
actin5C | The distal promoter of cytoskeletal actin 5C gene of Drosophila melanogaster, controlling synthesis of actin in a tissue- and developmental stage-specific manner | Strong promoter |
2432 bp |
View |
Polyubiquitin | Promoter of polyubiquitin gene of Drosophila melanogaster | Strong promoter |
1819 bp |
View |
a1tubulin | Promoter of α1-tubulin gene of Drosophila melanogaster | Medium-strength promoter |
2592 bp |
View |
Drosophila Tissue-Specific Promoters
Name | Description | Tissue Specificity | Cell Type Specificity | Length | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rh2 | Promoter of Rh2 gene of Drosophila melanogaster | Ocelli | Ocellar photoreceptor cells |
480 bp |
View |
Drosophila Inducible Promoters
Name | Description | Application Notes | Length | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mtn | Promoter of the metallothionein gene of Drosophila melanogaster | Strong promoter; tightly inducible with the presence of Cu+. |
427 bp |
View |
DmHsp70 | Drosophila melanogaster heat-shock protein 70 promoter | Strong and heat-shock inducible promoter. |
468 bp |
View |
Drosophila Pol III Promoters
Name | Description | Application Notes | Length | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
U6-1 | U6 small nuclear RNA gene promoter U6-1 of Drosophila melanogaster | Pol III promoter; drives intermediate expression level of small RNAs. |
796 bp |
View |
U6-2 | U6 small nuclear RNA gene promoter U6-2 of Drosophila melanogaster | Pol III promoter; drives lowest expression level of small RNAs. |
400 bp |
View |
U6-3 | U6 small nuclear RNA gene promoter U6-3 of Drosophila melanogaster | Pol III promoter; drives strongest expression level of small RNAs. |
414 bp |
View |
Worm Ubiquitous Promoters
Name | Description | Application Notes | Length | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
eft-3 | C. elegans translation elongation factor 1-α promoter | Strong promoter; drives high levels of gene expression in somatic cells. |
608 bp |
View |
pie-1 | C. elegans pharynx and intestine in excess protein 1 promoter lacking repetitive sequences | Strong promoter; drives high levels of gene expression in all germ cells from the late L1 stage to the adult stage. |
1106 bp |
View |
CeU6 | C. elegans R07E5.16 U6 snRNA promoter | Pol III promoter; drives expression of small RNAs. |
350 bp |
View |
Worm Tissue-Specific Promoters
Name | Description | Tissue Specificity | Cell Type Specificity | Length | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
spe-11 | C. elegans spermatocyte protein spe-11 promoter | / | Sperm |
276 bp |
View |
myo-2 | C. elegans myosin-2 promoter | / | Pharyngeal muscle cells |
976 bp |
View |
myo-3 | C. elegans myosin-3 promoter | / | Body muscle cells |
2500 bp |
View |
rab-3 | C. elegans ras-related protein Rab-3 promoter | Nervous system | Pan-neuronal |
1207 bp |
View |
Worm Inducible Promoters
Name | Description | Application Notes | Length | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
hsp16-2 | C. elegans heat shock protein Hsp-16.2 promoter | Strong and heat-shock inducible promoter in most somatic cells. |
400 bp |
View |
hsp16-48 | C. elegans heat shock protein Hsp-16.48 promoter | Strong and heat-shock inducible promoter in somatic cells and germline. |
378 bp |
View |
Yeast Constitutive Promoters
Name | Description | Application Notes | Length | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
TEF1 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae translation elongation factor EF-1 alpha promoter | Strong promoter. |
414 bp |
View |
GPD | Saccharomyces cerevisiae glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter | Strong promoter. |
650 bp |
View |
ADH1(short) | Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase promoter | Weak promoter (stronger than ADH1(medium) and ADH1(long)). |
397 bp |
View |
ADH1(medium) | Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase promoter | Weak promoter (stronger than ADH1(long)). |
707 bp |
View |
ADH1(long) | Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase promoter | Weak promoter. |
1452 bp |
View |
GAP | Glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter from Pichia pastoris | Strong constitutive promoter. |
486 bp |
View |
Yeast Inducible Promoters
Name | Description | Application Notes | Length | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
GAL1 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae galactokinase promoter | Repressed in the presence of glucose; induced in the presence of galactose. |
451 bp |
View |
MET17 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae O-acetyl homoserine-O-acetyl serine sulfhydrylase promoter; aka MET25 and MET15 | Repressed in the presence of methionine. |
384 bp |
View |
CUP1 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae metallothionein promoter | Induced in the presence of copper. |
464 bp |
View |
AOX1 | Methanol-induced alcohol oxidase 1 promoter from Pichia pastoris | Maximally induced during growth on methanol and fully repressed during growth on glucose or glycerol. |
941 bp |
View |
Plant Constitutive Promoters
Name | Description | Application Notes | Length | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
CaMV35S(short) | Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (short) | Strong constitutive promoter, drives high-level gene expression in dicot plants but is less effective in monocots. |
346 bp |
View |
CaMV35S(long) | Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (long) | Strong promoter. |
835 bp |
View |
CaMV35S(enhanced) | A chimeric promoter with the doubled CaMV 35S enhancer element | Strong promoter. |
754 bp |
View |
Nos | Agrobacterium nopaline synthase promoter | Weaker promoter compared to CaMV 35S promoter. |
299 bp |
View |
ZmUbi | Maize ubiquitin promoter | Strong constitutive promoter, drives high-level gene expression in monocots. |
1993 bp |
View |