VectorBuilder offers many popular vector components that users can choose from when designing their vectors. The tables below provide detailed information on these popular components, which are listed separately by category.
Mammalian Ubiquitous Promoters
| Name | Description | Application Notes | References | Sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CMV | Human cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer/promoter | Strong promoter; may have variable strength in some cell types. | Cell. 41:521 (1985); PLoS One. 5:e10611 (2010) | View |
| CMV+intron | Human cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer/promoter fused with the splicing signal from the human beta-globin intron 2 | Strong promoter; may have variable strength in some cell types; presence of the beta-globin intron facilitates the nuclear export of mRNA by splicing and is predicted to enhance gene expression in eukaryotes. | EMBO J. 13: 3065 (1994); Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 105: 3386 (2008) | View |
| EF1A | Human eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 α1 promoter | Strong promoter. | Nucl Acids Res. 18:5322 (1990); PLoS One. 5:e10611 (2010) | View |
| EFS | Human eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 α1 short form | Medium-strength promoter. | Nat Methods.11:783 (2014) | View |
| CAG | CMV early enhancer fused to modified chicken β-actin promoter | Strong promoter. | Gene. 108:193 (1991); PLoS One. 5:e10611 (2010) | View |
| CBh | CMV early enhancer fused to modified chicken β-actin promoter | Strong promoter. | Hum Gene Ther. 22:1143 (2011) | View |
| CBA | CMV early enhancer fused to chicken β-actin promoter and SV40 intron | Strong promoter. | Mol Biotechnol. 58:30 (2016) | View |
| SFFV | Spleen focus-forming virus promoter | Strong promoter; drives high levels of gene expression, particularly in cell types of the myeloid lineage. | J Virol. 69:7541 (1995); Hum Gene Ther.13:803 (2002) | View |
| MSCV | Murine embryonic stem cell virus promoter including the enhancer and promoter region of PCMV virus and 5' untranslated region of dl-587rev retrovirus | Medium-strength promoter; drives gene expression in most murine or human ES cell lines and other mammalian cell lines. | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 87:9202(1990); Gene Ther. 1:136 (1994) | View |
| MNDU3 | The U3 region from the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV) LTR with the negative control region (NCR) removed | Medium-strength promoter; drives retroviral vector gene expression in most murine or human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines, embryonic stem (ES) cell lines and other mammalian cell lines. | J Virol. 69:748 (1995); J Virol. 71: 9466 (1997); J Virol. 77:9439 (2003) | View |
| SV40 | Simian virus 40 enhancer/early promoter | Medium-strength promoter. | Nature. 290:304 (1981); PLoS One. 5:e10611 (2010) | View |
| mPGK | Mouse phosphoglycerate kinase 1 promoter | Medium-strength promoter. | Gene. 60:65 (1987); PLoS One. 5:e10611 (2010) | View |
| hPGK | Human phosphoglycerate kinase 1 promoter | Medium-strength promoter. | PLoS One. 4:e5046 (2009) | View |
| UBC | Human ubiquitin C promoter | Weak promoter. | Nucl Acids Res. 24:1787 (1996); PLoS One. 5:e10611 (2010) | View |
Note
:
- Some components have different versions that differ slightly in sequence but are functionally equivalent. VectorBuilder may use different versions depending on context.
- CAG and CBh promoters contain different versions of modified chicken β-actin promoter.
Mammalian Tissue-specific Promoters
| Name | Description | Tissue Specificity | Cell Type Specificity | References | Sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nanog | Mouse nanog promoter | Embryonic inner cell mass | Pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cells | J Biol Chem. 280:24731 (2005) | View |
| Nes | Rat nestin intron 2 enhancer fused to mouse Hsp68 minimal promoter | Nervous system at embryonic stage | Neural stem/progenitor cells | Eur J Neurosci. 9:452 (1997); J Neurosci Res. 59:321 (2000) | View |
| Tuba1a | Rat α1A tubulin promoter | Nervous systems at embryonic and early postnatal stages | Developing neurons but not astrocytes or oligodendrocytes | J Neurosci. 14:7319 (1994) | View |
| Camk2a(long) | Mouse α-calcium-calmodulin dependent kinase II promoter (8 kb) | Forebrain | CA1 pyramidal cells of the hippocampus | Cell. 81:891 (1995); Cell. 87:1317 (1996) | View |
| Camk2a(short) | Mouse α-calcium-calmodulin dependent kinase II promoter (1.3 kb) | Brain | Pyramidal neurons | Neuroscience. 161:441 (2009) | View |
| SYN1 | Human synapsin I promoter | Brain | Mature neurons | Mol Ther. 5:509 (2002) | View |
| Hb9 | Mouse Hb9 enhancer fused to mouse Hsp68 minimal promoter | Spinal cord | Motor neurons | Exp Neurol. 196:224 (2005); Dev Biol. 283:474 (2005) | View |
| Th | Mouse tyrosine hydroxylase promoter | Brain | Dopaminergic neurons | Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 274:590 (2000); Neurosci Lett. 363:33 (2004) | View |
| Thy1 | Mouse thymus cell antigen 1 promoter | Brain | Neurons | EMBO J. 9:833 (1990); Neuron. 28:41 (2000); Cell Rep. 13:1989 (2015) | View |
| NSE | Rat neuron-specific enolase promoter | Nervous system | Various neurons | Neuron. 5:187 (1990); J Mol Neurosci. 8:63(1997) | View |
| GFAP(long) | Human glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter (2.1 kb) | Brain | Astrocytes | J Neurosci. 14:1030 (1994) | View |
| GFAP(short) | Human glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter (0.68 kb) | Brain | Astrocytes | Glia. 56:481 (2008) | View |
| Iba1 | Mouse ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 promoter | Brain | Microglia | J Neurosci Res. 81:357 (2005) | View |
| ProA1 | Mouse Gnat2 promoter | Retina | Cone photoreceptor | Nat Neurosci. 22:1345 (2019); Int J Mol Sci. 21:4197 (2020) | View |
| ProA7 | Mouse Gnat2 promoter (0.5 kb) | Retina | Cone photoreceptor in non-human primate | Nat Neurosci. 22:1345 (2019) | View |
| hRHO | Human rhodopsin promoter | Retina | Rod photoreceptor | J Virol. 81: 11372 (2007); eLife. 5: e12242 (2016) | View |
| hBEST1 | Human bestrophin 1 promoter | Retina | RPE | Hum Mol Genet. 18:128 (2009) | View |
| Grm6 | A 200-bp enhancer of mGluR6 (mouse metabotropic glutamate receptor 6) fused to a basal SV40 promoter (0.4 kb) | Retina | ON-bipolar cells | J Neurosci. 28:2008 | View |
| Grm6(short) | A 200-bp enhancer of mGluR6 (mouse glutamate metabotropic receptor 6) fused to a 500-bp mGluR6 promoter (0.7 kb) | Retina | ON-bipolar cells | Gene Ther. 23:680 (2016); Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 119:e2117038119 (2022) | View |
| Grm6(long) | Intron 4, 3, and a 200-bp enhancer of mGluR6 (mouse glutamate metabotropic receptor 6) fused to a 500-bp mGluR6 promoter (2.2 kb) | Retina | ON-bipolar cells | Gene Ther. 23:680 (2016); Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 119:e2117038119 (2022) | View |
| Prnp | Mouse prion protein promoter | Brain, hippocampus, cerebellum, retina | Various CNS neurons | Eur J Neurosci. 14:1777 (2001) | View |
| Cnp | Mouse 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase promoter | Nervous systems, testis and thymus | Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells | J Neurosci Res. 53:393 (1998); J Neurosci. 19:759 (1999) | View |
| K14 | Human keratin 14 promoter | Epidermis | Keratinocytes | Gene. 153:297 (1995) | View |
| K19 | Mouse keratin 19 promoter | Epidermis | Keratinocytes | J Biol Chem. 275:28230 (2000); Genesis. 46:318 (2008) | View |
| BK5 | Bovine keratin 5 promoter | Epidermis | Keratinocytes | Differentiation. 58:53 (1994); Oncogene. 19:4243 (2000) | View |
| mTyr | Mouse tyrosinase promoter and enhancer | Epidermis | Melanocytes and melanoma cells | Development. 120:2103 (1994); Gene Ther. 1:307 (1994); Int J Mol Sci. 17: 2149 (2016) | View |
| cTnT | Chicken cardiac troponin T promoter | Heart | Cardiomyocytes | Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 286:C556 (2004); Gene Ther. 18: 43 (2011); Circ Res. 115:354 (2014) | View |
| αMHC(long) | Mouse α-cardiac myosin heavy chain promoter (5.4 kb) | Heart | Cardiomyocytes | J Biol Chem. 266:24613 (1991) | View |
| αMHC(short) | Mouse α-cardiac myosin heavy chain promoter (2.8 kb) | Heart | Cardiomyocytes | J Biol Chem. 266:24613 (1991) | View |
| Myog | Mouse myogenin promoter | Muscle | Myoblasts | Genes Dev. 7:1277 (1993) | View |
| ACTA1 | Human skeletal muscle actin α1 promoter | Muscle | Myocytes | J Biol Chem. 268:719 (1993) | View |
| MHCK7 | Composed of enhancer/promoter regions of murine muscle creatine kinase (MCK) and enhancer region of α-myosin heavy-chain genes | Mouse skeletal and heart muscles | Differentiated postmitotic striated muscle cells | Mol Ther. 15:320 (2007); Sci Transl Med. 9(418) (2017) | View |
| SM22a | Mouse transgelin (a.k.a. Sm22a) promoter | Adult smooth muscle | Vascular smooth muscle cells | J Cell Biol. 132:849 (1996) | View |
| EnSM22a | The chimeric vascular smooth muscle-specific enhancer/promoter (The rabbit myosin heavy-chain enhancer inserted upstream of a truncated mouse SM22a promoter) | Adult smooth muscle | Vascular smooth muscle cells | J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 329: 775 (2009) | View |
| Runx2 | Mouse runt related transcription factor 2 promoter | Bone | Early osteoblasts | Biochim Biophys Acta. 1731:95 (2005) | View |
| OC | Human osteocalcin promoter | Bone and cartilage | Osteoblasts, osteocytes and hypertrophic chondrocytes | Mol Endocrinol. 11:1695 (1997) | View |
| Col1a1 | Rat collagen type I α1 promoter | Bone, tooth and tendon | Osteoblasts and fibroblasts | J Bone Miner Res. 9:285 (1994) | View |
| Col2a1 | Mouse collagen type II α1 promoter | Cartilage | Chondrocytes | Genesis. 45:44 (2007) | View |
| aP2 | Rat adipocyte P2 promoter | Fat | Adipocytes | J Biol Chem. 268:22243 (1993) | View |
| Adipoq | Mouse adiponectin promoter | Fat | Adipocytes | Endocrinology. 151:2933 (2010) | View |
| Tie1 | Mouse tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 1 promoter | Blood vessel | Endothelial cells | J Cell Sci. 115:2075 (2002) | View |
| Cd144 | Mouse cadherin 5 (a.k.a. VE-Cadherin) promoter | Blood vessels | Vascular endothelial cells | Dev Dyn. 235:759 (2006) | View |
| CD68(short) | Human CD68 promoter, short, recommended for in vitro use | Blood | Monocytes and macrophages | Gene Ther. 19:1041 (2012) | View |
| CD68(long) | Human CD68 promoter, long, recommended for in vivo use | Blood | Monocytes and macrophages | J Immunol. 168:3402(2002); Blood. 124:e33 (2014) | View |
| CD11b | Human integrin subunit alpha M promoter | Bone marrow | Mature myeloid cell lines (neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages) | Blood. 79:865 (1992); Blood. 85:319 (1995) | View |
| Afp | Mouse α-fetoprotein enhancer II fused with human beta globin promoter | Liver | Hepatocytes | Science. 235:53 (1987); Mol Cell Biol. 15:4947 (1995) | View |
| Alb | Mouse albumin promoter | Liver | Mature hepatocytes | Genes Dev. 1:268 (1987) | View |
| TBG | Human thyroxine-binding globulin promoter | Liver | Hepatocytes | Gene. 506:289 (2012) | View |
| TBG+intron | Human alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin enhancer and thyroxine-binding globulin hybrid promoter fused to a chimeric intron (SD site from a human β-globin intron and SA site from an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region intron) | Liver | Hepatocytes | J Biol Chem. 267:20765 (1992); Nat Chem Biol. 17:326 (2021) | View |
| MMTV | Mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat (LTR) | Mammary gland | Ductal cells of the salivary gland, mammary epithelial cells | Nucleic Acids Res. 25:4323 (1997) | View |
| Wap | Mouse whey acidic protein promoter | Mammary gland | Alveolar epithelial cells of mammary tissue | Nucleic Acids Res. 25:4323 (1997) | View |
| HIP | Human insulin promoter | Pancreas | β cells | Cell. 52:773 (1998); Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100: 6688 (2003) | View |
| Pdx1 | Mouse pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 promoter | Embryonic developing pancreas and adult pancreatic islets | Pancreatic progenitor cells and pancreatic β cells | Development. 129:2447 (2002) | View |
| Ins2 | Rat insulin 2 promoter | Pancreas | Pancreatic β cells | Nature. 315:115 (1985);Nature. 429:41 (2004) | View |
| Hcn4 | Mouse hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated K+ 4 promoter | Embryonic heart | Cardiomyocytes | Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 353:67 (2007) | View |
| NPHS2 | Human podocin promoter | Kidney | Podocytes | Genesis. 35:39 (2003) | View |
| SPB | Human surfactant protein B promoter | Lung | AT II cells (alveolar type II epithelial cells) and Clara cells (bronchiolar epithelial cells) | J Biol Chem. 270:24852 (1995); Gene Ther. 14:1461 (2007) | View |
| CD144 | Human cadherin 5 (a.k.a. VE-Cadherin) promoter | Lung, heart, ovary, spleen and kidney glomeruli | Vascular endothelial cells | Oncogene. 24:2992 (2005) | View |
| TERT | Human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter | Tumor | Immortalized and cancer cells | Cancer Res. 59:551 (1999); Cancer Res. 60:5359 (2000) | View |
Mammalian Inducible Promoters
| Name | Description | Application Notes | References | Sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRE | Tetracycline-responsive element promoter (2nd generation) | Regulated by a class of transcription factors (e.g. tTA, rtTA and tTS) whose activities are dependent on tetracycline or its analogs (e.g. doxycycline). | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 89:5547 (1992); Science. 268:1766 (1995); J Gene Med. 1:4 (1999) | View |
| TRE3G | Tetracycline-responsive element promoter (3rd generation) | Bound by transactivator Tet3G in the presence of tetracycline or its analogs (e.g. doxycycline). | Gene Ther. 13:1382 (2006) | View |
Yeast Inducible Promoters
| Name | Description | Application Notes | References | Sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GAL1 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae galactokinase promoter | Repressed in the presence of glucose; induced in the presence of galactose. | Mol Cell Biol. 4:1440 (1984); Nucleic Acids Res. 22:5767 (1994) | View |
| MET17 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae O-acetyl homoserine-O-acetyl serine sulfhydrylase promoter; aka MET25 and MET15 | Repressed in the presence of methionine. | Mol Gen Genet. 200:407 (1985); Biotechnol Prog. 21:617 (2005) | View |
| CUP1 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae metallothionein promoter | Induced in the presence of copper. | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81:3332 (1984); Yeast. 16:651 (2000) | View |
| AOX1 | Methanol-induced alcohol oxidase 1 promoter from Pichia pastoris | Maximally induced during growth on methanol and fully repressed during growth on glucose or glycerol. | Nucleic Acids Res. 15:3859 (1987); J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 42:1175 (2015) | View |
Zebrafish Ubiquitous Promoters
| Name | Description | Application Notes | References | Sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sCMV | Simian cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer/promoter | Strong promoter; Can function in Xenopus, zebrafish, mouse and human. | Gene Expr Patterns. 9:54 (2009); Biotechnol Lett. 33:1319 (2011) | View |
| bactin2 | Zebrafish cytoskeletal beta-actin promoter | Strong promoter. | Dev Biol. 192:289 (1997) | View |
| Ubi | Zebrafish ubiquitin (ubi) promoter | Ubiquitous and constitutive promoter. | Development. 138:169 (2011) | View |
Zebrafish Tissue-specific Promoters
| Name | Description | Tissue specificity | Cell type specificity | References | Sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cmlc2 | Cardiac myosin light chain 2 promoter | Heart | Cardiomyocytes | Dev Dyn. 228:30 (2003); Dev Cell. 32:756 (2015) | View |
| zK5 | Zebrafish Keratin 5 promoter | Tongue and fin | Squamous epidermis | Oral Oncol. 46:31 (2010); PLoS One. 9:e92217 (2014) | View |
| 503unc | 503-bp promoter of zebrafish unc-45b | Muscle | Myoblasts | Genesis. 51:443 (2013) | View |
Zebrafish Inducible Promoters
| Name | Description | Application Notes | References | Sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| zHSP70 | Zebrafish heat-shock protein 70 promoter | Strong and heat-shock inducible promoter. | Development. 127:1953 (2000); Nat Methods. 7:219 (2010) | View |
| 5×UAS | Five tandem upstream activation sequence (UAS) followed by E1B minimal promoter | Activates gene transcription upon binding with GAL4 protein. | Cell. 52:169 (1988); Nat Methods. 7:219 (2010) | View |
Plant Constitutive Promoters
| Name | Description | Application Notes | References | Sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CaMV35S(short) | Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (short) | Strong constitutive promoter, drives high-level gene expression in dicot plants but is less effective in monocots. | Nature. 313:810 (1985) | View |
| CaMV35S(long) | Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (long) | Strong promoter. | Biotechnol Lett. 29:1793 (2007) | View |
| CaMV35S(enhanced) | A chimeric promoter with the doubled CaMV 35S enhancer element | Strong promoter. | Plant Mol Biol. 21:415 (1993); Biotechnol Lett. 29:1793 (2007) | View |
| Nos | Agrobacterium nopaline synthase promoter | Weaker promoter compared to CaMV 35S promoter. | Nucleic Acids Res. 12:7831 (1984); Plant Cell. 2:225 (1990) | View |
| ZmUbi | Maize ubiquitin promoter | Strong constitutive promoter, drives high-level gene expression in monocots. | BMC Plant Biol. 14: 327 (2014) | View |
Yeast Constitutive Promoters
| Name | Description | Application Notes | References | Sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TEF1 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae translation elongation factor EF-1 alpha promoter | Strong promoter. | EMBO J. 3:3311 (1984); Yeast. 27:955 (2010) | View |
| GPD | Saccharomyces cerevisiae glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter | Strong promoter. | Gene. 32:263 (1984) | View |
| ADH1(short) | Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase promoter | Weak promoter (stronger than ADH1(medium) and ADH1(long)). | FEMS Microbiol Lett. 121:229 (1994) | View |
| ADH1(medium) | Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase promoter | Weak promoter (stronger than ADH1(long)). | FEMS Microbiol Lett. 121:229 (1994) | View |
| ADH1(long) | Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase promoter | Weak promoter. | FEMS Microbiol Lett. 121:229 (1994) | View |
| GAP | Glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter from Pichia pastoris | Strong constitutive promoter. | Gene. 186:37 (1997); J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 42:1175 (2015) | View |
Drosophila Ubiquitous Promoters
| Name | Description | Application Notes | References | Sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| actin5C | The distal promoter of cytoskeletal actin 5C gene of Drosophila melanogaster, controling synthesis of actin in a tissue- and developmental stage-specific manner | Strong promoter | Mol Cell Biol. 10:6172 (1990); Nucleic Acids Res. 19:5037 (1991) | View |
| Polyubiquitin | Promoter of polyubiqutin gene of Drosophila melanogaster | Strong promoter | Mol Cell Biol. 8:4727 (1988); Methods Mol Biol. 62:385 (1997) | View |
| a1tubulin | Promoter of α1-tubulin gene of Drosophila melanogaster | Medium-strength promoter | Nucleic Acids Res. 19:5037 (1991) | View |
Drosophila Tissue-specific Promoters
| Name | Description | Tissue specificity | Cell type specificity | References | Sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rh2 | Promoter of Rh2 gene of Drosophila melanogaster | Ocelli | Ocellar photoreceptor cells | Genetics. 120:173 (1988) | View |
Drosophila Inducible Promoters
| Name | Description | Application Notes | References | Sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mtn | Promoter of the metallothionein gene of Drosophila melanogaster | Strong promoter; tightly indubible with the presence of Cu+. | Nucleic Acids Res. 19:5037 (1991); Genetics. 112:493 (1986) | View |
| DmHsp70 | Drosophila melanogaster heat-shock protein 70 promoter | Strong and heat-shock inducible promoter. | BMC Evol Biol. 13:68 (2013); Plos one. 10:e0128976 (2015) | View |
Drosophila Pol III Promoters
| Name | Description | Application Notes | References | Sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| U6-1 | U6 small nuclear RNA gene promoter U6-1 of Drosophila melanogaster | Pol III promoter; drives intermediate expression level of small RNAs. | Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 331:1163 (2005); Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 111:E2967 (2014) | View |
| U6-2 | U6 small nuclear RNA gene promoter U6-2 of Drosophila melanogaster | Pol III promoter; drives lowest expression level of small RNAs. | Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 331:1163 (2005); Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 111:E2967 (2014) | View |
| U6-3 | U6 small nuclear RNA gene promoter U6-3 of Drosophila melanogaster | Pol III promoter; drives strongest expression level of small RNAs. | Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 331:1163 (2005); Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 111:E2967 (2014) | View |
Plant Pol III Promoters
| Name | Description | Application Notes | References | Sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AtU6-26 | Arabidopsis U6-26 gene promoter | Pol III promoter; drives expression of small RNAs. | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 49: 222 (2007); Cell Res. 23: 1229 (2013) | View |
| OsU3 | Rice U3 promoter | Pol III promoter; drives expression of small RNAs. | Nat Biotechnol. 31:686 (2013); Sci Rep. 6: 21451 (2016) | View |
Worm Ubiquitous Promoters
| Name | Description | Application Notes | References | Sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| eft-3 | C. elegans translation elongation factor 1-α promoter | Strong promoter; drives high levels of gene expression in somatic cells. | Genes Dev. 14: 2173 (2000) | View |
| pie-1 | C. elegans pharynx and intestine in excess protein 1 promoter lacking repetitive sequences | Strong promoter; drives high levels of gene expression in all germ cells from the late L1 stage to the adult stage. | Curr Biol. 18:1476 (2008) | View |
| CeU6 | C. elegans R07E5.16 U6 snRNA promoter | Pol III promoter; drives expression of small RNAs. | Nat Methods. 10: 1028 (2013); Genetics. 199: 959 (2015) | View |
Worm Tissue-specific Promoters
| Name | Description | Tissue Specificity | Cell Type Specificity | References | Sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| spe-11 | C. elegans spermatocyte protein spe-11 promoter | / | Sperm | Curr Biol. 18:1476 (2008) | View |
| myo-2 | C. elegans myosin-2 promoter | / | Pharyngeal muscle cells | Genetics. 135:385 (1993); Nat Genet. 40:1375 (2008) | View |
| myo-3 | C. elegans myosin-3 promoter | / | Body muscle cells | Genetics. 135:385 (1993); Nat Genet. 40:1375 (2008) | View |
| rab-3 | C. elegans ras-related protein Rab-3 promoter | Nervous system | Pan-neuronal | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 113: E1074 (2016) | View |
Worm Inducible Promoters
| Name | Description | Application Notes | References | Sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hsp16-2 | C. elegans heat shock protein Hsp-16.2 promoter | Strong and heat-shock inducible promoter in most somatic cells. | Genome. 31:690 (1989); J Cell Biol. 200: 589 (2013) | View |
| hsp16-48 | C. elegans heat shock protein Hsp-16.48 promoter | Strong and heat-shock inducible promoter in somatic cells and germline. | Nature. 413:70 (2001); Nat Genet. 40: 1375 (2008) | View |